The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022 impacts a wide variety of areas, from climate to health care. While several areas are covered, there are two main goals. First, the bill sets out to help reduce the burden of increased expenses for the average American. Second, the bill is aimed at decreasing the federal deficit. These conflicting goals made for an interesting bill full of compromise. Some of the key items to know are addressed below.
Health Care and Medicine
Marketplace Health Insurance Credits
The Affordable Care Act provided health insurance premium credits for certain taxpayers who purchased health insurance through the marketplace. The American Rescue Plan (also known as the COVID-19 Stimulus Package, passed in March 2021) extended and increased those credits. The IRA continues those tax credits for an additional three years.
Medicare Costs and Caps
The United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) for the first time can negotiate Medicare drug pricing directly with pharmaceutical companies. The goal is that the government will save significant money by making this change, and consumers may see a drop in prescription drug prices through Medicare.
The Inflation Reduction Act also caps certain drug costs, including on out-of-pocket at $2,000 per year. In addition, monthly co-payments for insulin are capped at $35. Any cost-sharing provisions for adult vaccinations have also been eliminated.
Climate and Clean Energy
Many energy-related tax incentives were included in the Inflation Reduction Act, totaling $270 billion (including both new and existing provisions). Clean energy and transportation were both target areas for these benefits.
Residential Energy Credits
Individuals can receive up to $1,200 annually (30% of the cost) for certain energy-efficient remodeling expenses effective after 2022. Previously, this credit was $500 per lifetime. The residential energy-efficient property (REEP) credit for larger items (like solar water heaters and geothermal heat pumps) that was set to expire in 2024 was also extended.
Tax Credits for Clean Vehicles
Clean vehicles received a $14 billion tax break in the Inflation Reduction Act. The credit for vehicles placed in service after 2022 is up to $4,000 for used electric or hybrid plug-in vehicles or up to $7,500 for new qualifying clean vehicles. While these credits are not necessarily new, they have some new restrictions. They are limited by income, and the final assembly of the vehicle purchased must be within North America.
Tax Changes for Large Corporations
There are several tax increases within the Inflation Reduction Act with most increases generally aimed at large corporations.
The IRA places a new minimum tax on companies with revenues over $1 billion. This minimum functions similarly to the alternative minimum tax on individuals; it is based on whether the company would have to pay a higher tax if the traditional tax rate were imposed. Essentially, the government will impose the higher of these two tax options. Some tax adjustments will still be permitted.
There will also be a new 1% excise tax on publicly traded companies for repurchasing corporate stock over any new issues to the public or employees.
Changes to the IRS Enforcement Programs
The IRS also received additional funding as part of the IRA. This money is slated to be used to increase enforcement activities and operations support and for updating their current systems. This funding amounts to roughly $80 billion, which is a huge increase from their reported budget of $13.16 billion in FY 2022.
Roughly half of the funds provided to the IRS must be used to assist with collection efforts, conduct criminal investigations, monitor digital assets and increase compliance-related activities.
Notable Change for Small Business Lending
One tax increase that will affect sole proprietors or pass-through entities has not gotten as much attention as the other changes. It is a complicated rule that affects business owners who take business losses. Essentially, it limits the taxpayer’s ability to offset investment or employment income with a business loss, even if that business owner is actively engaged in the business that created the loss. This provision has been extended through 2028.
What the IRA Did NOT Do
Many of the tax increases proposed as part of the original bill did not end up getting signed into law. Below is a quick list of items you may have heard were part of the bill that did not make it into the final law.
- No increase on capital gains tax
- No increase on the current individual income tax rates
- No added surcharges on individuals, estates and trusts over certain threshold amounts
- No changes to gift tax rates or exemption amounts
- No changes to the Medicare surtax for active business owners
While these changes might still occur later, they have not been enacted into law now.
If you have any questions or would like additional information, please contact DMJPS.
Donna Boyette, CPA
Donna Boyette, CPA is a Senior Manager at DMJPS CPAs + Advisors in Tax Services and has over 20 years experience in public accounting. At DMJPS, she provides taxation services with a primary focus in business taxation to a variety of industries. She primarily works out of the Marion office and enjoys helping clients navigate advantageously in the area of ever-changing tax codes.